EMSA is exploring nuclear power for emission-free shipping
Generation IV reactors, such as very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and molten salt reactors (MSR), are considered promising for their efficiency and waste management.
Published on December 28, 2024
The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) has conducted a study on the potential of nuclear power in shipping, aimed at achieving the EU's zero-emission goals. The report examines the state of the technology and highlights both benefits and challenges, such as production, safety, and regulation. Generation IV reactors, such as very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and molten salt reactors (MSR), are considered promising because of their efficiency and waste management.
The study compares the total cost of ownership of nuclear vessels to that of traditional fuels and concludes that nuclear power may be a competitive option as carbon and fuel costs rise. EMSA emphasizes the need for comprehensive regulatory adjustments and international cooperation to promote the acceptance of nuclear energy in shipping.
Technological innovations and safety
The EMSA study, published Dec. 22, focuses on Generation IV reactor technologies. Very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and molten salt reactors (MSR) are identified as the most suitable options for maritime applications. These reactors not only offer high efficiency but also provide improved waste management. To date, nuclear energy has been used mainly in military vessels and icebreakers in the Arctic, but new technological developments allow for broader applications.
Economic feasibility
An essential aspect of the study is economic viability. The study shows that the total cost of ownership (TCO) for nuclear-powered vessels is initially comparable to that of conventional VLSFO vessels. Nuclear propulsion is becoming increasingly competitive with the expected increase in carbon and fuel prices. This becomes especially relevant given recent developments in the energy market, where conventional energy prices have increased significantly.
Safety and regulation
EMSA emphasizes that significant regulation is still needed to implement nuclear power in commercial shipping. There is a specific focus on three ship types in the risk analysis: cruise ships with LFR technology, bulk carriers with VHTR/HTGR, and container ships with VHTR/HTGR. A crucial aspect is the development of robust risk management plans and adequate protection against maritime risks such as collisions.