{"id":455522,"date":"2023-08-16T10:07:17","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T08:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/innovationorigins.com\/?p=455522"},"modified":"2023-08-16T10:07:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T08:07:17","slug":"new-maps-reveal-the-individual-brain-changes-linked-to-different-mental-illnesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/new-maps-reveal-the-individual-brain-changes-linked-to-different-mental-illnesses\/","title":{"rendered":"New maps reveal the individual brain changes linked to different mental illnesses"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A breakthrough project mapping brain changes in nearly 1,300 people diagnosed with six different types of mental illness has revealed the extraordinary diversity of brain changes found in people with conditions like major depression and schizophrenia. The study, published in&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-023-01404-6\" target=\"_blank\">Nature Neuroscience<\/a>&nbsp;and jointly led by researchers at Monash University and Radboudumc, used brain imaging to measure the size, or volume, of over 1000 different brain regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia or autism all have their own distinctive neurological fingerprint. In other words, the brains of people with depression, schizophrenia or autism, function differently and this is reflected in differences in the shape and size of the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"io-block io-block__summary\"><ul><li>Researchers introduced an innovative statistical approach to examine individual brains in more detail;<\/li><li>This allows better identification of abnormalities in brain volume and cooperation between brain regions, which can lead to more specific treatments<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c5a769;grid-template-columns:auto 22%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#c5a769\"><strong>This is an article from <a href=\"https:\/\/online.fliphtml5.com\/lknoe\/vkte\/#p=32\">IO Next: The Brain.<\/a> This magazine is full of stories about scientists, entrepreneurs, and innovations share one common goal: to better understand the most complex system there is. <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/archive.ioplus.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Schermafbeelding-2023-10-30-131131-704x1004.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-462602 size-full\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New statistical techniques <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOver the past few decades, researchers have mapped brain areas showing reduced volume in people diagnosed with a wide variety of mental illness, but this work has largely focused on group averages, which makes it difficult to understand what is happening in the brains of individual people\u201d said PhD student Ms Ashlea Segal, who led the research. \u201cFor example, knowing that the average height of the population in a given country is about 1.7 m tells me very little about the height of my next-door neighbour\u201d she added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team used new statistical techniques developed by Prof Andre Marquand at Radboudumc, to map regions in the brain showing unusually small or large volumes in people diagnosed with either schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or autism spectrum disorder.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link advgb-dyn-953a3283\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/brain-boosting-miracle-kidney-protein-supercharges-monkeys-memory\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Brain-Boosting Miracle: Kidney Protein Supercharges Monkeys&#039; Memory\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Brain-Boosting Miracle: Kidney Protein Supercharges Monkeys&#8217; Memory<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Scientists at Yale and the University of California have stumbled upon a remarkable breakthrough in cognitive science. <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe trained a statistical model to generate expectations about brain size given someone\u2019s age and sex. We can then quantify how much an individual person\u2019s brain volume deviates from these expectations, much like the growth charts commonly used for height and weight in paediatrics\u201d said Professor Alex Fornito, who led the research team together with researchers at Radboudumc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe confirmed earlier findings that the specific brain regions showing large deviations in brain volume vary a lot across individuals, with no more than seven percent of people with the same diagnosis showing a major deviation in the same brain area\u201d said Professor Fornito. \u201cThis result means that it is difficult to pinpoint treatment targets or causal mechanisms by focusing on group averages alone. It may also explain why people with the same diagnosis show wide variability in their symptom profiles and treatment outcomes\u201d he added.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link advgb-dyn-bbd13e70\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/relax-your-brain-whilst-listening-to-your-favorite-music-with-alphabeats\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Relax your brain whilst listening to your favorite music with AlphaBeats\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Relax your brain whilst listening to your favorite music with AlphaBeats<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Based on real-time monitoring of brain and heart activity, the algorithm of start-up AlphaBeats allows the music to be adjusted slightly, allowing the brain to relax.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connectivity of the brain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The team then investigated the connectivity of the areas showing large volume deviations. \u201cBecause the brain is a network, dysfunction in one area can spread to affect other, connected sites. We found that, while deviations occurred in distinct brain regions across different people, they were often connected to common upstream or downstream areas, meaning they aggregated within the same brain circuits\u201d said Ms Segal. \u201cIt\u2019s possible that this circuit-level overlap explains commonalities between people with the same diagnosis, such as, for example, why two people with schizophrenia generally have more symptoms in common than a person with schizophrenia and one with depression.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The team leveraged their new approach to identify potential treatment targets for different disorders. \u201cWe found that certain specific brain circuits were preferentially involved in some disorders, suggesting that they are potential treatment targets\u201d explained Ms Segal. \u201cHowever, our findings suggest that these targets will only be appropriate for a subset of people. For instance, we found evidence that brain circuits linked to frontal areas were preferentially involved in depression. These circuits are commonly used as targets for non-invasive brain stimulation therapies, but our data suggest that they may only effective targets for around one third of people.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach developed by the team opens new opportunities for mapping brain changes in mental illness. \u201cThe framework we have developed allows us to understand the diversity of brain changes in people with mental illness at different levels, from individual regions through to more widespread brain circuits and networks, offering a deeper insight into how the brain is affected in individual people\u201d said Professor Fornito.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A breakthrough project mapping brain changes in nearly 1,300 people diagnosed with six different types of mental illness has revealed the extraordinary diversity of brain changes found in people with conditions like major depression and schizophrenia. The study, published in&nbsp;Nature Neuroscience&nbsp;and jointly led by researchers at Monash University and Radboudumc, used brain imaging to measure [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2589,"featured_media":494722,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34665],"tags":[28447,80323,75802,25415,71162,75807],"location":[6763],"article_type":[36684],"serie":[],"archives":[],"internal_archives":[],"reboot-archive":[],"class_list":["post-455522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","tag-autism","tag-brain-research-2","tag-brain-week","tag-depression-de","tag-radboudumc-2","tag-the-brain","location-netherlands","article_type-news"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":{"subtitle":"People with conditions such as depression, autism or schizophrenia appear to have very different changes in the brain, research by Radboudumc and Monash University shows. ","text_display_homepage":false},"author_meta":{"display_name":"Team IO","author_link":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/author\/erikdevries\/"},"featured_img":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/brain-951845_1280.jpg","coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Health<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Health<\/span>"]},"tags":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">autism<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">brain research<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Brain Week<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">depression<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Radboudumc<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/en\/category\/health\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">The Brain<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">autism<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">brain research<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Brain Week<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">depression<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Radboudumc<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">The Brain<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Posted 3 years ago","modified":"Updated 3 years ago"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Posted on August 16, 2023","modified":"Updated on August 16, 2023"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Posted on August 16, 2023 10:07 am","modified":"Updated on August 16, 2023 10:07 am"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/455522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2589"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=455522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/455522\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/494722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=455522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/location?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"article_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article_type?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"serie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/serie?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"archives","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/archives?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"internal_archives","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/internal_archives?post=455522"},{"taxonomy":"reboot-archive","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ioplus.nl\/archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/reboot-archive?post=455522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}